@font-face{font-family:Onest;font-weight:400 800;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/fonts/Onest-cyrillic.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}
@font-face{font-family:Onest;font-weight:400 800;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/fonts/Onest-latin-ext.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C4,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}
@font-face{font-family:Onest;font-weight:400 800;font-display:swap;src:url(/assets/fonts/Onest-latin.woff2) format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}
@font-face{font-family:"Onest Fallback";src:local("Arial");size-adjust:103%;ascent-override:94%;descent-override:25%;line-gap-override:0%}
:root{--bg:#f4f5fb;--surface:#fff;--ink:#10131f;--muted:#555b70;--line:#dfe2f0;--accent:#4338ca;--accent-ink:#fff;--accent-soft:#e8e9fc;--amber:#f59e0b;--amber-soft:#fdf0d2;--warn:#a8391f;--warn-soft:#fbe6e0;--ok-soft:#e1f3ea;--shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(20,23,28,.05),0 8px 28px rgba(20,23,28,.06);--r:12px;--measure:68ch;color-scheme:light dark}
@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--bg:#0d0f1a;--surface:#161a2b;--ink:#eceefa;--muted:#a6abc4;--line:#262b45;--accent:#8b95ff;--accent-ink:#0b0f33;--accent-soft:#1b2048;--amber:#f1b84a;--amber-soft:#2e2510;--warn:#ff8f73;--warn-soft:#33201b;--ok-soft:#14291c;--shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.4),0 8px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.35)}}#main *{box-sizing:border-box}#main{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:84px}#main{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font:400 17px/1.72 Onest,"Onest Fallback",system-ui,sans-serif;font-feature-settings:"ss01";-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}#main a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:3px}#main a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}#main :focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--amber);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:4px}#main .skip{position:absolute;left:-999px;top:8px;background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);padding:10px 14px;border-radius:8px;z-index:100}#main .skip:focus{left:8px}#main .wrap{width:min(1120px,100% - 40px);margin-inline:auto}#main .topbar{background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.4}#main .topbar .wrap{padding:8px 0;display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}#main .topbar b{background:var(--amber);color:#1b1405;border-radius:999px;padding:1px 10px;font-weight:800;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase}#main .header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--bg) 90%,transparent);backdrop-filter:saturate(1.4) blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}#main .header .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;min-height:64px}#main .brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;font-weight:800;font-size:21px;letter-spacing:-.02em}#main .brand svg{width:34px;height:34px;flex:none}#main .brand small{display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--muted);margin-top:-3px}#main .nav{margin-left:auto;display:flex;gap:2px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}#main .nav a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;font-size:15px;padding:8px 12px;border-radius:999px}#main .nav a:hover{background:var(--accent-soft)}#main .nav a[aria-current=page]{background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg)}#main .lang{margin-left:6px;display:flex;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;overflow:hidden}#main .lang a{padding:6px 12px;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}#main .lang a[aria-current=true]{background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink)}#main .menu-btn{display:none}
@media(max-width:900px){#main .nav{display:none;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:100%;background:var(--bg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 20px 16px;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}#main .nav a{padding:12px 14px}#main .header.open .nav{display:flex}#main .menu-btn{display:inline-flex;margin-left:auto;background:none;border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);border-radius:999px;padding:8px 14px;font:700 14px Onest,system-ui;cursor:pointer}#main .lang{margin-left:0}}#main .crumbs{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);padding:22px 0 0}#main .crumbs a{color:var(--muted)}#main .crumbs span[aria-hidden]{margin:0 6px}#main .page-head{padding:14px 0 26px}#main .kicker{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-weight:800;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 10px}#main .kicker::before{content:"";width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;border:2.5px solid currentColor}#main h1{font-size:clamp(30px,4.6vw,50px);line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.035em;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 16px;max-width:22ch;text-wrap:balance}#main .lead{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px);line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);max-width:60ch;margin:0}#main .meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 14px;margin:22px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}#main .meta span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;padding:5px 12px}#main .meta b{color:var(--ink)}#main .layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,var(--measure)) 280px;gap:56px;justify-content:space-between;padding-bottom:30px}
@media(max-width:1020px){#main .layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px}}#main .toc{position:sticky;top:88px;align-self:start;font-size:14.5px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);padding:2px 0 2px 18px}#main .toc strong{display:block;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:10px}#main .toc ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:8px}#main .toc a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;line-height:1.4;display:block}#main .toc a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
@media(max-width:1020px){#main .toc{position:static;order:-1;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:16px 18px;background:var(--surface)}}#main .prose h2{font-size:clamp(24px,3vw,32px);line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:2.1em 0 .6em;font-weight:800}#main .prose>h2:first-child{margin-top:0}#main .prose h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:1.7em 0 .4em;font-weight:800}#main .prose p{margin:0 0 1.1em}#main .prose ul,#main .prose ol{margin:0 0 1.2em;padding-left:1.35em}#main .prose li{margin:.35em 0}#main .prose li::marker{color:var(--accent);font-weight:800}#main .prose strong{font-weight:700}#main .prose ol.steps{list-style:none;padding:0;counter-reset:s;display:grid;gap:12px}#main .prose ol.steps>li{counter-increment:s;position:relative;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:16px 18px 16px 62px;margin:0}#main .prose ol.steps>li::before{content:counter(s);position:absolute;left:16px;top:14px;width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);font-weight:800;display:grid;place-items:center}#main .callout{border-radius:var(--r);padding:16px 18px;margin:1.4em 0;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);position:relative;padding-left:22px}#main .callout::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:14px;bottom:14px;width:4px;border-radius:4px;background:var(--accent)}#main .callout.warn{background:var(--warn-soft);border-color:transparent}#main .callout.warn::before{background:var(--warn)}#main .callout.note{background:var(--accent-soft);border-color:transparent}#main .callout.ok{background:var(--ok-soft);border-color:transparent}#main .callout p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}#main .tbl{overflow-x:auto;margin:1.3em 0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);background:var(--surface);box-shadow:var(--shadow)}#main table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.5}#main th,#main td{text-align:left;padding:12px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}#main th{font-size:12.5px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--muted);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--bg) 60%,var(--surface))}#main tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}#main td:first-child{font-weight:700}
@media(max-width:620px){#main .tbl{border:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;overflow:visible}#main table,#main tbody,#main tr,#main td{display:block;width:100%}#main thead{display:none}#main tr{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);margin-bottom:12px;padding:6px 16px}#main td{border:0;padding:8px 0}#main td::before{content:attr(data-label);display:block;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}#main td:first-child{padding-top:10px;font-size:17px}#main td:first-child::before{display:none}}#main .hero{padding:34px 0 26px}#main .hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:48px;align-items:center}
@media(max-width:960px){#main .hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}}#main .hero h1{max-width:18ch}#main .cta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:26px}#main .btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);border-radius:999px;padding:13px 22px;font-weight:800;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;border:2px solid var(--accent)}#main .btn:hover{filter:brightness(1.06);text-decoration:none}#main .btn.ghost{background:transparent;color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink)}#main .factcard{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:22px;padding:8px 22px 14px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}#main .factcard h2{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:16px 0 4px;font-weight:800}#main .fact{display:grid;grid-template-columns:96px minmax(0,1fr);gap:4px 14px;padding:13px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:start}#main .fact:last-child{border-bottom:0}#main .fact dt{font-weight:800;font-size:14.5px}#main .fact dd{margin:0;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.45}#main .fact dd small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;margin-top:3px}#main .badge{display:inline-block;border-radius:999px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 9px;margin-right:6px;vertical-align:1px}#main .b-ok{background:var(--ok-soft);color:#1d6b3a}#main .b-diff{background:var(--amber-soft);color:#7a5200}#main .b-none{background:var(--warn-soft);color:var(--warn)}
@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){#main .b-ok{color:#7fe0a3}#main .b-diff{color:#f1b84a}}#main .faq{margin:0}#main .faq details{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 18px}#main .faq summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:700;padding:15px 28px 15px 0;list-style:none;position:relative}#main .faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}#main .faq summary::after{content:"+";position:absolute;right:0;top:11px;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);line-height:1}#main .faq details[open] summary::after{content:"–"}#main .faq details p{margin:0 0 16px;color:var(--muted)}#main .section-h{font-size:clamp(22px,2.6vw,28px);letter-spacing:-.02em;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 16px}#main .related{padding:34px 0}#main .cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:14px}#main .card{display:block;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:18px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);transition:transform .15s,box-shadow .15s}#main .card:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:var(--shadow)}#main .card b{display:block;font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:4px 0 6px}#main .card span{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);font-weight:800}#main .card p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5}#main .sources{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0}#main .sources ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid;gap:10px;font-size:14.5px}#main .sources li{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:12px 16px}#main .sources li b{display:block;margin-bottom:2px}#main .sources small{color:var(--muted)}#main .adbox{margin:34px 0 0;border:1px dashed var(--muted);border-radius:var(--r);padding:16px 20px;background:var(--surface);font-size:15px}#main .adbox .tag{display:inline-block;background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);border-radius:6px;padding:2px 9px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:8px}#main .adbox p{margin:0 0 6px}#main .footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:38px 0 44px;margin-top:30px;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted)}#main .footer .cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr repeat(2,1fr);gap:30px}@media(max-width:760px){#main .footer .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}}#main .footer h2{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--ink)}#main .footer ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:8px}#main .footer a{color:var(--muted)}#main .footer p{margin:0 0 10px}#main .notfound{padding:70px 0;text-align:center}#main .notfound h1{margin-inline:auto}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#main *{transition:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}}
@media print{#main .header,#main .topbar,#main .toc,#main .footer,#main .related,#main .cta{display:none}#main{background:#fff;color:#000}}
@media(max-width:900px){#main .brand small{display:none}#main .brand{font-size:20px;white-space:nowrap}#main .header .wrap{gap:10px;min-height:58px}#main .menu-btn{padding:7px 14px}#main .lang a{padding:6px 11px}#main .topbar .wrap{font-size:12.5px}}#main .hero+.layout{padding-top:10px}#main /* ---- Практикум: tools ---- */
.hero{background:radial-gradient(900px 420px at 85% -10%,var(--accent-soft),transparent 70%)}#main .tools-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:14px}#main .tile{display:block;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:18px;padding:20px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);transition:transform .15s,box-shadow .15s;position:relative;overflow:hidden}#main .tile:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:var(--shadow)}#main .tile i{display:grid;place-items:center;width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);font:800 20px Onest,system-ui;font-style:normal;margin-bottom:14px}#main .tile b{display:block;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-bottom:6px}#main .tile p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5}#main .tool{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:20px;box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:22px;margin:1.6em 0}#main .tool h2,#main .tool h3{margin:0 0 4px!important;font-size:21px}#main .tool>p{margin:0 0 16px;color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}#main .tool .grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:12px}#main .tool .f{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:5px;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:var(--muted)}#main .tool input,#main .tool select,#main .tool textarea{font:500 16px Onest,system-ui;color:var(--ink);background:var(--bg);border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:11px 12px;width:100%}#main .tool textarea{min-height:76px;resize:vertical}#main .tool input:focus,#main .tool select:focus,#main .tool textarea:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px var(--accent-soft)}#main .tool .res{margin-top:18px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:12px}#main .tool .box{background:var(--accent-soft);border-radius:14px;padding:14px 16px}#main .tool .box small{display:block;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:4px}#main .tool .box b{font-size:24px;letter-spacing:-.02em}#main .tool .box span{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}#main .tool .note{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}#main .tool pre{white-space:pre-wrap;background:var(--bg);border:1px dashed var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:14px;margin:16px 0 0;font:500 14.5px/1.6 Onest,system-ui;color:var(--ink)}#main .tool .btn{margin-top:12px;cursor:pointer;font:800 15px Onest,system-ui}#main .tool .tabs{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:14px}#main .tool .tabs button{font:700 14px Onest,system-ui;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;padding:7px 14px;cursor:pointer}#main .tool .tabs button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);border-color:var(--accent)}#main .noscript-tool{background:var(--amber-soft);border-radius:12px;padding:14px;margin:1em 0}#main [hidden]{display:none!important}

:root{--bg:#151315;--surface:#272021;--ink:#f2eeee;--muted:#cecaca;--line:#443b3d;--accent:#f08c28;--accent-ink:#151315;--accent-soft:#39291d;--amber:#f5a751;--amber-soft:#392d1d;--warn:#ffaf95;--warn-soft:#3b2420;--ok-soft:#203326;--shadow:none;color-scheme:dark}
#main{font:500 17px/1.72 Gilroy,Arial,sans-serif;padding:30px 0;min-width:0;width:100%;scroll-margin-top:24px}#main h1,#main h2,#main h3{color:#f2eeee}#main p{font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}#main .hero{background:#211b1d}#main .factcard,#main .card,#main .tool,#main .toc,#main .sources{background:#272021}#main input,#main textarea,#main select{background:#151315;color:#f2eeee;border-color:#66585b}#main a{color:#f5a751}#main .btn{background:#f08c28;color:#151315}#main .btn.ghost{background:transparent;color:#f5a751}#main .faq{content-visibility:visible;contain-intrinsic-size:none}
#main .wrap{max-width:100%;width:100%}#main .hero .wrap{padding:24px}#main .layout{padding-top:24px}#main .related,#main .sources{padding:24px}#main .prose{min-width:0}.site-guide-nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;padding:12px 0}.site-guide-nav a{padding:10px 16px;border:1px solid #57484b;border-radius:10px;color:#f2eeee;font-size:14px}.site-guide-nav .site-guide-nav__main{background:#f08c28;color:#151315;font-weight:700}
@media(max-width:959px){#main .hero .wrap{padding:18px 0}#main h1{font-size:30px}#main .sources,#main .related{padding:20px 0}}